Author Archives: Mark Godsey

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • In China, efforts to exonerate an executed inmate underway; more from China here
  • Michigan Innocence Clinic wins case based on junk arson science
  • CCRC in England receives a 10% budget increase because of growing number of applications
  • Life after death row for Damien Echols of the West Memphis 3
  • More on exoneree Brian Banks and his journey to the NFL; Banks’ false accuser ordered to pay back her $2.6 million settlement against the school where she alleged Banks had raped her
  • The New York-based Innocence Project has assembled an Artists’ Committee which consists of writers, directors, actors, visual artists and musicians who support the innocence movement and are helping raise awareness about wrongful convictions. Members lend their talent and voice to the vital work of innocence organizations in a variety of ways, such as raising awareness and money, speaking out about the need to prevent wrongful convictions, and integrating these issues into their art. Several household names sit on the committee, including Yoko Ono, Sarah Jessica Parker, Stephen Colbert, Zooey Deschanel, and the late James Gandolfini, whose sudden death this past week shocked the nation.
  • Uriah Courtney of California embraces freedom
  • Kirk Bloodsworth marks 20 years since exoneration

New Scholarship Spotlight: International Perspectives on Correcting Wrongful Convictions: The Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission

Pace law professor Lissa Griffin has posted the above-titled article on SSRN.  Download full article here.  The abstract states:

Part I of this Article traces the history of the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) and outlines the procedures employed by the SCCRC after an application is received, with particular attention to its extensive investigatory procedures. It also describes and analyzes the standards for referral of an application to the Scottish court. Part II briefly sets forth the statistics concerning applications, referrals, and judicial decisions. Part III includes an analysis of the SCCRC’s work by looking at the cases that have been referred and decided by the court. Those cases are divided into several categories: fresh evidence referrals, referrals based on a newly raised legal issue, and historic cases. It also includes a discussion of two sui generis, but very important decisions, and a consideration of how the SCCRC and the court deal with cases that do not involve any new factual or legal claims. Part IV reflects on and attempts to draw some conclusions about the SCCRC’s role in the correction of wrongful convictions.

 

Love After Death Row…

Watch video here:

Sunny Jacobs and Peter Pringle each spent more than 15 years on death row for murder before being exonerated and given back their freedom, and on Thursday they spoke about their amazing love story.

In 1976 Sunny was wrongly convicted for murdering two police officers and put on death row in Florida.

During this time her former partner Jesse, who was also wrongly implicated in the crime, was executed by electric chair.

Sunny told This Morning presenters Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby she experienced a mixture of feelings towards the injustice.

“We were basically in the wrong place at the wrong time with the wrong people and unfortunately if you are there, then people think you must have had something to do with it or at least have knowledge of it,” she said.

“At first I was very angry and I felt that everything I had been taught to believe in was a lie. Even maybe including God, because how could God let this happen to me and my whole family.”

On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean in Ireland in 1980, Sunny’s current partner Peter was also wrongly convicted and sentenced to death for murdering two police officers.

During his 17 years on death row, Peter had his sentence commuted to 40 years in prison, but he was determined to prove his innocence and so began to study law.

He eventually got his case reopened and in 1995 his conviction was quashed and he was finally freed.

“The face of injustice is the same everywhere,” he said.

“The same methods are used in every country, not just in Ireland, or in America or Britain.

“If a number of people are given too much power and are not held accountable for what they do there’s temptation, they are human beings, they want to win.”

But despite having their freedom, the couple admit they both struggled to cope with life in the outside world.

“You stay exactly the way you were because there is no way to grow up and mature in prison. You are told what to do, you have to ask for permission for anything you want to do,” said Sunny.

“Not only is freedom a huge responsibility, it’s not free.”

The couple’s unlikely love story began in 1998 when Sunny travelled to Ireland along with a charity which helps people wrongfully accused of crimes.

Sunny and Peter met and immediately hit it off after discovering the similarities in their lives.

“The first conversation we had, for three and half hours, was (about) forgiveness,” said Peter.

While many people in their situation would be inclined to feel anger and hatred at the injustice they have faced, Sunny and Peter said they both decided very early on not to live that kind of life.

The couple now live a quiet existence in Ireland and aim to set up an organisation to help people who have been released from prison following a wrongful conviction.

Thursday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Scotland may get rid of 300 year old corroboration rule, which requires multiple pieces of corroborating evidence before a conviction can be obtained.  It was implemented to avoid wrongful convictions
  • A review of Michael Naughton’s The Innocent and the Criminal Justice System
  • A Texas fire review panel flagged two quarter-century-old arson cases on Wednesday, saying investigators were mistaken in finding that the defendants set intentional fires.
  • Exoneree Brian Banks:  the best revenge is success

The Lingering Stigma of a Wrongful Conviction…

From source:

Wrongful convictions are disturbingly common. In the USA alone, over 1,050 innocent people who were found guilty in court have subsequently been exonerated. A new study, the first to systematically study stigma towards convicted innocents, finds that the old adage is true – mud sticks. Convictions may be overturned, but stigma persists.

Kimberley Clow and Amy-May Leach surveyed 86 psychology students in Canada about either “people who have been wrongfully convicted of a crime”; “people who have been convicted of a crime that they actually committed”; or “people in general”.

The students rated wrongfully convicted people in a similar way to offenders, including perceiving them as incompetent and cold, and having negative attitudes towards them.  Although the students desired less social distance from the wrongly convicted compared with offenders, they preferred to have more distance from them than people in general. And while they expressed more pity for wrongly convicted people than offenders, this didn’t translate into greater support for giving them assistance such as job training or subsidised housing. In fact, the students were more in favour of giving monthly living expenses to people in general as opposed to the wrongly convicted.

“A wrongly convicted individual should be viewed as any other non-convicted citizen,” said Clow and Leach. “Our findings, however, suggest that this does not occur … Wrongly convicted persons are not perceived as other citizens.”

Bear in mind these results are only a tentative first step towards greater understanding of this issue. It’s unsafe to generalise confidently from a student sample, and we haven’t learned much about why the participants stigmatised the wrongly convicted so harshly. It’s possible the students held a general belief that wrongly convicted people are likely guilty of other crimes. Or perhaps they believed them morally contaminated by their time in prison.

Despite its limitations, the new study chimes with anecdotal evidence. Consider the case of the unfortunately named Kirk Bloodsworth. In 1993, after nearly nine years in prison, Bloodsworth was a free man thanks to DNA testing that showed he was not guilty of raping and killing a nine-year-old girl – the first time the scientific technique had been used in this way. Yet despite his release, Bloodsworth continued to be vilified, including having “child killer” scrawled in dirt on his truck.

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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New Scholarship Spotlight: CSI Mississippi: The Cautionary Tale of Mississippi’s Medico-Legal History

Tucker Carrington and others have posted the above-titled article on SSRN.  Download full article here.  The abstract states:

Over the last four decades, extending even through the most recent twenty years of rapid forensic science advancements in the solving and prosecution of criminal offenses, Mississippi has maintained its condonation of systemic forensic malfeasance, and, more specifically, refused to adapt and properly accommodate contemporary forensic science in its courtrooms. Among the public health consequences was a medico-legal spoils system that valued pseudo-science and expedient criminal convictions over scientific validity and defendants’ basic civil rights. As a direct and entirely natural correlation Mississippi produced a significant number – and shocking type – of wrongful convictions and perpetrated some of the most notorious forensic fraud in American legal history.

This article documents for the first time the complete tragic history of the State’s medico-legal system from the mid-1970’s, when initial efforts were made to improve the local, coroner-based system, to the present day. Its primary purpose is to provide a comprehensive narrative through which the State might honestly come to terms on a morally acceptable basis with the attendant failures of justice that occurred as a result of the path it chose. In that way this article also offers up the Mississippi medico-legal system as a cautionary tale, a study in what not to do. Although all of the cases, agencies, and people discussed in this article are from Mississippi, the lessons learned from the Mississippi medico-legal system are universal.

 

 

 

New Scholarship Spotlight: Judicial Gatekeeping of Suspect Evidence: Due Process and Evidentiary Rules in the Age of Innocence

findley_profile_resize-1Wisconsin Professor Keith Findley has posted the above-titled article on SSRN.  Download full version here.  The abstract states:

The growing number of wrongful convictions exposed over the past two-and-a-half decades, and the research that points to a few recurring types of flawed evidence in those cases, raise questions about the effectiveness of the rules of evidence and the constitutional admissibility standards that are designed to guard against unreliable evidence. Drawing on emerging empirical data, this Article concludes that the system can and should be adjusted to do a better job of guarding against undue reliance on flawed evidence. The Article first considers the role of reliability screening as a constitutional concern. The wrongful convictions data identify what might be called “suspect evidentiary categories” — a few types of evidence (eyewitness identifications, confessions, forensic science, and snitch testimony) that are both recurring features of wrongful convictions and not otherwise susceptible to correction through traditional trial mechanisms and that, therefore, can and should be subjected to heightened scrutiny for reliability under the Due Process Clause.

Recognizing, however, that the Supreme Court is moving away from using constitutional doctrine to screen for reliability, this Article considers other mechanisms for better ensuring reliable evidence and accurate trial outcomes. First, current trends in Supreme Court jurisprudence suggest a due process framework that focuses upstream of the trial process on regulating the police and prosecutorial conduct that generates some of the most suspect trial evidence. Second, the Article assesses new applications of non-constitutional evidence law that offer promise for filling the void in reliability review of such suspect types of evidence. Finally, the Article considers remedies in addition to exclusion that might aid in the enterprise of mitigating the harm from flawed evidence. Principal among these are broader use of expert witnesses and jury instructions to educate fact finders about the counter-intuitive but scientifically established qualities of these categories of suspect evidence. And because courts have proven reluctant to apply reliability-based exclusionary rules rigorously, the Article concludes by exploring partial exclusion — excluding the most objectionable parts of the evidence while permitting other parts — as a remedy that courtsmight be more likely to actually enforce.

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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Wrongful Convictions and South Africa…

From news source:

Johannesburg – Convicted murderer Fusi Mofokeng didn’t kill anyone. Yet he was arrested in 1992, imprisoned for 19 years and today continues to struggle with parole restrictions on his personal freedom as he fights to clear his name.

Investigative journalists with the Wits Justice Project have campaigned for Mofokeng’s exoneration for years, along with lawyers who are working pro bono on his case.

Over time, appeals failed, a proposal for presidential pardon was denied and transcripts disappeared. Now Mofokeng’s advocates are considering taking his case to the Constitutional Court in a bid to wipe his record clean.

The difficulty, his sponsors say, is that the state isn’t willing to admit to having wrongfully detained a man for nearly two decades. It doesn’t help that there is no recourse in the criminal justice system for the wrongfully convicted seeking exoneration.

Mofokeng’s life changed on April 2, 1992, when he was arrested for hosting Mofokeng’s brother-in-law and seven other men at his house. The guests were members of the ANC’s self-defence units (SDU), and they were passing through Free State to assist the ANC cause in KwaZulu-Natal.

The day after the men stayed with Mofokeng, they were caught in a shootout with police in Bethlehem. One officer was killed and another was critically injured. Later, police arrived to arrest Mofokeng, his brother-in-law and Tshokolo Mokoena, who had also coincidentally visited Mofokeng on the same day.

wrongful convictionsFusi Mofokeng (left) and Tshokolo Mokoena were in prison for 19 years for crimes they didnt commit. Picture: Paballo Thekiso

On March 5, 1993, when Mofokeng was sentenced to life and 18 years imprisonment, the State’s rationale was that he was guilty of murder by association. Under the common purpose doctrine, Free State civilians Mofokeng Continue reading

Thursday’s Quick Clicks…

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Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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Cleveland prosecutor fired after posing as an accused killer’s girlfriend on Facebook to try to get alibi witnesses to change their testimony

Aaron Brockler

Aaron Brockler

 

[Editor’s note:  I have no idea whether the alibi witnesses were telling the truth or not, but notice the rationale offered by the fired prosecutor–“I had to break the alibis, otherwise a guilty man could be walking the streets.”  This is his thought before he even spoke to the alibi witnesses on Facebook.  No thought by him whatsoever to the fact that the alibi witnesses might be telling the truth (even if a 1% chance), and he might want to approach them in a fair and neutral way to get an honest reaction from them.  Instead, he made up a lie that made them “go crazy” before he started trying to get them to give up their alibi testimony.]

From Cleveland.com:  A Cuyahoga County prosecutor was fired this week after he admitted posing as a woman in a Facebook chat with an accused killer’s alibi witnesses in an attempt to persuade them to change their testimony.

Former Assistant County Prosecutor Aaron Brockler insisted in an interview at his Lakewood home Thursday that he had done nothing wrong and shouldn’t have been fired.

“Law enforcement, including prosecutors, have long engaged in the practice of using a ruse to obtain the truth,” said Brockler, 35, a county prosecutor since 2006. “I think the public is better off for what I did.”

County Prosecutor Timothy J. McGinty said he fired Brockler for good cause.

“This office does not condone and will not tolerate such unethical behavior,” McGinty said. “He disgraced this office and everyone who works here.”

McGinty continued: “By creating false evidence, lying to witnesses as well as another prosecutor, Aaron Brockler has damaged the prosecution’s chances in a murder case where a totally innocent man was killed at his work.”

Brockler was the lead prosecutor in the aggravated murder case of Damon Dunn, 29, of Cleveland, who was scheduled to stand trial for the shooting death of Kenneth “Blue” Adams on May 18, 2012, at an East Side car wash.

When the opposing attorneys exchanged witness lists in April in preparation for trial, Dunn provided the names of two women whom he said could testify that at the time of the shooting, Dunn actually was on the other side of the city at Edgewater Park.

Brockler said he considered the alibi witnesses the keys to the case, and talked with the lead homicide detective about strategies.

“I didn’t share my technique with him, but we talked about the importance of breaking the alibis,” Brockler said. “Unless I could break this guy’s alibi a murderer might be walking on the street. There was such a small window of opportunity, I had to act fast.”

Brockler said he engaged in Internet chats via Facebook with the alibi witnesses. He said he posed as a fictitious former girlfriend of Dunn’s who had given birth to Dunn’s child, which Brockler said caused the women “to go crazy”.

Brockler spoke with both of the women the following day, but did not divulge that he had been their Facebook chat partner.

He claims one woman told him, “This is bogus, I’m not going to lie for him.”

He also claims the other woman also changed her story, according to Brockler. “She said she wasn’t at the beach with him and she wasn’t going to lie for him. They both wanted the truth to be known,” Brockler said. The women couldn’t be reached for comment. Both are still listed as alibi witnesses by Dunn’s lawyers.

Brockler said he told Dunn’s defense lawyer, Myron Watson, that his client’s alibi had fallen apart.

He printed transcripts of the Facebook chats and put them in his file, with no intention of keeping them secret, he said.

Then, several days later he left the office for a two-month medical leave to have eye surgery.

While Brockler was away, he received a call from Assistant County Prosecutor Kevin Filiatraut, who had replaced Brockler on the Dunn case during his absence and questioned him about the Facebook chat transcripts that he found in the file.

“I told him that was me,” said Brockler.

Filiatraut informed his supervisors. McGinty said he acted immediately.

“As soon as we learned of Aaron Brockler’s actions we removed this office from Continue reading

Friday’s Quick Clicks…

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Cops Hold the Key to Freeing the Innocent…

From takepart.com:

By 

Is there common ground between law enforcement and the Innocence Project?

You bet there is! I’m standing on it, and the Innocence Project is very well aware of it.

At times, however, I’m not so sure law enforcement is aware of the common ground, or is willing to publicly acknowledge it.

I’ve come to this conclusion with more than 30 years of investigative experience, 17 years with the Riverside County Sheriff’s Department, four years with the Riverside County District Attorney’s office, and eight years as a private investigator, including three of my private investigator years volunteering and working with the California Innocence Project.

For the majority of my law-enforcement years, I was farmed out to the FBI, DEA, Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement, and numerous other federal, state and local agencies.

A common belief I’ve heard many times in each of these organizations, from “seasoned” law-enforcement officers and investigators, is a bizarre and tweaked version of their job description: “It is not my job to help clear or exonerate somebody” or “It’s the defense attorney who needs to come up with evidence proving that their client is innocent.”

Incredibly, this whole twisted belief that innocence is not an investigator’s concern seems to magnify itself after an individual has been convicted…even in the face of new evidence thatclearly exonerates a person.

I was fortunate in my early years of law enforcement: I had great field-training officers and law-enforcement role models who made sure I understood our true role in law enforcement.

Whenever I heard this twisted version of our job description, I was always more than willing to share what I was taught and truly believe on this topic: “Your job Continue reading

Thursday’s Quick Clicks…

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Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Risk of wrongful convictions a factor in debate over capital punishment in India
  • Exoneree James Kluppelberg claims in lawsuit that Chicago police tortured him to get confession
  • A crisis of justice and judicial independence in Romania

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Exoneree Brian Banks at rookie camp of the NFL’s Atlanta Falcons
  • Although most in the Czech Republic are in favor of reinstating capital punishment, risk of wrongful convictions is the leading factor citing against it
  • More on last week’s Perkins decision by SCOTUS

New Scholarship Spotlight: The Forensic Confirmation Bias: Problems, Perspectives, and Proposed Solutions

Saul M. KassinaItiel E. Drorb, and Jeff Kukuckaa have published the above-titled article in  the Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.  Get article here.  The abstract states:

As illustrated by the mistaken, high-profile fingerprint identification of Brandon Mayfield in the Madrid Bomber case, and consistent with a recent critique by the National Academy of Sciences (2009), it is clear that the forensic sciences are subject to contextual bias and fraught with error. In this article, we describe classic psychological research on primacy, expectancy effects, and observer effects, all of which indicate that context can taint people’s perceptions, judgments, and behaviors. Then we describe recent studies indicating that confessions and other types of information can set into motion forensic confirmation biases that corrupt lay witness perceptions and memories as well as the judgments of experts in various domains of forensic science. Finally, we propose best practices that would reduce bias in the forensic laboratory as well as its influence in the courts.