Category Archives: Prosecutorial conduct (good and bad)

Early reviews of Amanda Knox book starting to appear

Waiting to be Heard, Amanda Knox’s book about her wrongful murder conviction in Italy, subsequent acquittal and current legal limbo. isn’t due for release until April 30, but advance reviews are already starting to appear. According to this review in The New York Times, Knox does more than argue her innocence. She also shares how she survived being snared in the web of a Kafkaesqe high-profile case. ”I pulled myself out of the dark place into which I’d tumbled,” she writes. I promised myself I’d live in a way that I could respect. I would love myself. And I would live as fully as I could in confinement.”

Texas Legislature is Addressing Wrongful Conviction

An opinion (here) in The Stateman (Austin) yesterday commended the Texas legislature for pending legislation aimed at reducing wrongful conviction. After some challenge by district attorneys and a resulting amendment that protects witnesses and victims, the Texas Senate unanimously passed Senate Bill 1611, known as the Michael Morton bill, which would create a uniform “open file” policy in the state, thus requiring the prosecution to share all files with defense attorneys.

According to the opinion piece, the Senate has also passed a bill “that would give exonerated Texans four years from the date of their release from prison to Continue reading

Jeramie R. Davis Freed After Nearly 6 Years in Prison

Congratulations to Jeramie R. Davis and to the Innocence Project Northwest!

From Spokane, Washington (The Spokesman-Review):

A man who spent nearly six years in prison for a murder he didn’t commit had one request today after a judge set him free: a double cheeseburger from Zips.

Jeramie R. Davis, 42, also looked forward to bonding with his 5-year-old son, Elijah, who was born shortly after his arrest in 2007.

“He really doesn’t know who I am,” Davis said of his son. “I want to get to know him.

Today’s release ended years of investigations, a conviction, DNA tests, a second trial that convicted a different man and scores of legal arguments stemming from the June 17, 2007, bludgeoning death of 74-year-old porn shop owner John G. “Jack” Allen.

“I’m grateful,” Davis said of years of legal battles by defense attorneys Anna Tolin, Kevin Curtis and others who labored on his behalf. Continue reading

Update on Knoops Innocence Project….the Netherlands…

knoopslogoHere is an update on a new case of interest handled by the Knoops Innocence Project in the Netherlands:

Knoops’ lawyers request re-opening in the case of the “Hilversum showbiz murder”

A Knoops’ lawyers defense team acting on behalf of Martien Meijer-Hunnik requested the Supreme Court to open the case of the “Hilversum showbiz murder.”

Mr. Hunnik was convicted by the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam for manslaughter on Bart van de Laar, a producer from Hilversum, the Netherlands, on November 10, 1981.

The conviction was mainly based on the “confession” of Mr. Hunnik on November 17, 1983. At that time, there was no other direct evidence linking Mr. Hunnik to the crime. Mr. Hunnik withdrew his confession on April 14, 1983, but the judicial authorities did not give credibility to his withdrawal.  A clear motive for the manslaughter was lacking. From 2002 onwards, after he had been detained from 1983 to 1990, Mr. Hunnik tried to obtain his case file, however, to no avail. In 2011 he requested Knoops’ lawyers to investigate his case regarding a revision procedure.

A specialized team of Knoops’ lawyers conducted their own research into the case (2011-2013). Early 2013 the team took notice of “new” material. It turned out that this material was already known to the public prosecution service since 2002 and had resulted in a 2004-police analysis that exculpated Mr. Hunnik.

All these new facts justify the conclusion that Mr. Hunnik was wrongfully convicted in 1984 for the murder on producer Bart van de Laar. The new material shows that Mr. Hunnik is factually innocent to the manslaughter he was convicted for. Also, a not previously known police analysis concludes that it is unlikely that Mr. Hunnik shot Mr. Van de Laar on Tuesday November 10, 1981.

The request to review this case is based on six new facts that are outlined in new pieces of evidence proving that Mr. Hunnik cannot have committed the crime in question. The new material includes a convincing alibi, a new time reconstruction of the events, evidence indicating that his confession was false and a new witness statement.

The defense has urged the Attorney-General of the Dutch Supreme Court to decide speedily on the review request, since the prosecution – as has been shown – was already in the possession of the exculpatory material since 2002.

Mr. Hunnik prays that his conviction will be overturned and that he will be rehabilitated, since he is severely damaged, both mentally and physically, through his conviction by the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam. It had and continues to have a great impact on his personal and family life.

The defense and Mr. Hunnik are – despite the fact that (new) exculpatory material was already known to the judicial authorities since 2002 – very grateful for the efforts made by Mr. Van Straelen, the chief Attorney General of the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam, to reconstruct the course of events and to establish the truth in this case.

Defense counsel: Mr. Geert-Jan Knoops, Ms. Lizette Vosman, Ms. Carry Knoops-Hamburger

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Prosecutors across Northeast Texas expressed concerns last week about a Texas senator’s proposal to require DNA testing of all biological evidence before trials in state death penalty cases.
  • The Oklahoma Innocence Project ranks the state among the top 10 for wrongful convictions, which a report issued Friday said could be lowered by law enforcement officers, attorneys and judges.  The Oklahoma Justice Commission, formed by the Oklahoma Bar Association, unveiled its recommendations following a two-year study into convictions of people for crimes they didn’t commit. The 33-member group’s suggestions follow each step of the wrongful conviction process, from arrest to release.
  • Nearly nine years after being freed from prison, where he served 17 years for a double murder in the central Illinois city of Paris before being freed for lack of evidence, Gordon “Randy” Steidl has won a second multimillion-dollar judgment in his case against the people who put him behind bars.  A federal judge on Wednesday entered a $3.5 million agreed-upon judgment in a long-running wrongful conviction and malicious prosecution case against former Paris police Chief Gene Ray, former lead detective James Parrish and former Edgar County State’s Attorney Michael McFatridge.
  • Law enforcement in Buffalo, NY believe prisoner Josue Ortiz is innocent

Amanda Knox – Trial by Website

Knox3Numerous times on this blog we have bemoaned the inappropriateness of “trial by media.”  The press/media cannot possibly have an intimate understanding of all the evidence, facts, affidavits, and testimony in a criminal trial.  But to gain readership, they piece together whatever bits of information they can gather, and publish stories that tend to appeal to the sensationalistic interest of the general public.  This is no surprise.  That’s what they do.  It’s unfortunate, however, because this stuff can and does have an influence, both during and, perhaps even more so, after trial.

But nowadays, there is a new internet-age version of trial by media.  I call it “trial by website.”  This happens when someone becomes personally dedicated to the guilt or innocence of a particular defendant, and sets up a website to proffer their one-sided views.  There are both innocence-based websites and guilt-based websites.  However, my observation is that the guilt-based websites are much more vitriolic, and generally based upon much unsubstantiated, or downright false, information.

There’s been much recent discussion due to the overturning of the Amanda Knox acquittal, and the websites run by people who have dedicated themselves to her guilt are going great guns.  Two of these are the Perugia Murder File (PMF) and True Justice for Meredith Kercher (TJMK).

Nina Burleigh is a journalist who actually went to Perugia, and studied all aspects of the case for over a month.  She has recently published an article in TIME in which she talks about these “Knox Hater” websites.  And in opining about what the outcome of any new trial will be she states, “In my opinion, the new panel will agree with the last one that the case against the students is fatally flawed.”

You can read Nina Burleigh’s article here.

New Scholarship Spotlight: Prosecution (Is) Complex

 

Alafair S. Burke

Alafair S. Burke

Alafair S. Burke has posted the above titled-article, a book review of Prosecution Complex, on SSRN.  Download here.  The abstract says:

Post-conviction DNA testing has led to the exoneration of nearly three hundred defendants. As the number of exonerations grows, we are in an era where the once unthinkable is now undeniable. We convict the innocent. We imprison the innocent. We place the innocent on death row. Daniel Medwed brings this reality to life in his captivating book, Prosecution Complex, which carefully documents the myriad ways that prosecutors can contribute to wrongful convictions at every stage of a criminal case. From the charging decision to plea bargaining to trial to post-conviction, Medwed argues, prosecutors face an “ongoing schizophrenia” as they seek to balance dual roles in the criminal justice system, trying to serve both as zealous advocates for the government and as neutral ministers of justice.

This book essay offers three lessons that can be gleaned from Medwed’s central thesis that prosecutors must struggle to balance their dual roles as advocates and ministers of justice. Two of these lessons are for prosecutors: 1) that the protection of justice means not only the protection of the innocent, but also the fostering of a fair process, and 2) that prosecutors can mitigate the possibility that they will contribute to a wrongful conviction by seeking out contrary voices that foster neutral decision-making. The third lesson, aimed at the wrongful convictions movement, is to avoid a language of fault, which has a tendency to focus reform efforts on intentional misconduct and to signal to virtuous prosecutors that they need not worry that they may contribute to a wrongful conviction. Prosecution Complex is a significant book that should be read by any scholar, lawyer, or layperson who cares about criminal justice. But its most essential audience is prosecutors themselves, who hold the key to the most feasible and important reforms in the prevention of erroneous convictions.

 

Trial of Man Accused of Killing Christine Morton Begins, After Husband’s Exoneration

The Houston Chronicle reported yesterday (here) that in opening statements in the trial of Mark Alan Norwood, on trial for the 1986 bludgeoning death of Christine Morton, prosecutor Lisa Tanner told jurors that the state will present new evidence connecting Norwood to the crime. Tanner, representing the Texas Attorney General’s Office, said that a .45 Colt pistol that was missing from the Morton home after the murder was located by prosecutors.  Norwood allegedly sold the gun, registered to Christine’s husband Michael Morton, to a man who had hired Norwood to work on a home remodeling project. Continue reading

Police, Prosecutors: Costs Are High When Misconduct Contributes to Wrongful Conviction

According to a report in the Coloradoan (here), on Saturday Lt. Jim Broderick, 56, resigned from the Fort Collins (Colorado) Police Services where he had worked for 33 years. His career had a dramatic reversal when he was indicted on charges of felony perjury in June 2010 in connection with the grand jury indictment and trial of Tim Masters. Masters, who was fifteen at the time of the 1987 murder of Peggy Hettrick, was convicted and spent ten years in prison before DNA testing of crime scene evidence prompted the vacation of his murder conviction. Broderick had been the investigator in the case. Continue reading

New Scholarship: The Erosion of Brady and How It Might Work Better

Two informative and interesting recent articles discuss the erosion of the Brady rule via the “due diligence” standard (could the defense have obtained the exculpatory evidence on its own?) and how discovery could be improved if the due diligence rule could be reconsidered and both prosecution and defense could, at least in the discovery phase, adopt one aspect of the continental/inquisitorial system:  collaborate in a search for the truth with respect to discovery.  Such collaboration is not without challenges for both prosecution and defense.  These two articles, taken together, do an excellent job of examining the issues.  Here are the citations: “Discovery from the Trenches: The Future of Brady” (UCLA Law Review Discourse 74 (2013) by noted scholar and commentator Laurie Levinson and “Prosecutors Hide, Defendants Seek: The Erosion of Brady Through the Defendant Due Diligence Rule (UCLA Law Review 138 (2012) by Kate Weisburd.

Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • State of Washington considers exoneree compensation bill
  • On Monday, the U.S. Supreme Court heard two habeas cases with relevance to innocence work
  • Exoneree Bill Dillon to speak at the University of North Carolina
  • Wyoming waits to finally find the answer, innocent or guilty, as DNA testing begins in its first post-conviction DNA testing case.
  • Citing Michael Morton’s wrongful murder conviction, Texas state Sen. John Whitmire filed a bill Tuesday that would reset the statute of limitations for exonerated Texans who allege that a prosecutor improperly hid evidence or information favorable to the defense.  Senate Bill 825 would give exonerees four years from the date of their release from prison to file a grievance with the State Bar of Texas, which oversees attorney discipline. The statute of limitations currently begins at the time a violation occurs, though it allows time to be extended if a violation could not be discovered earlier because of “fraud or concealment.”

In North Carolina, Kalvin Michael Smith wants request for new trial restored

50c7ec383663f.preview-300From journalnow.com:

Attorneys for Kalvin Michael Smith are accusing Forsyth County prosecutors of using what they say was a false 2008 affidavit by a former Winston-Salem police officer to undercut Smith’s claims of innocence.

In a motion filed Friday, David Pishko, Smith’s attorney, and Theresa Newman, co-director of the Wrongful Conviction Clinic at Duke University School of Law, say the affidavit by Arnita Miles is “plainly and demonstra-bly false.”

Miles, one of the first police officers to talk to Jill Marker on the night of her 1995 attack at the Silk Plant Forest store, says that Marker identified her attacker as a black male. But Miles never mentions that in her incident report, instead describing Marker as incoherent and unable to give a description of her attacker.

The affidavit is significant because Winston-Salem police detectives initially focused their investigation on Kenneth Lamoureux, a white man with a history of violence who witnesses say was in the store on the night of the attack on Dec. 9, 1995. The affidavit was never used in any court proceeding involving Smith, and Lamoureux died in March 2011.

Smith was convicted in 1997 in connection with Marker’s assault and is serving 23 to 29 years in prison. The at-tack left Marker with severe brain injuries and needing 24-hour care. She was pregnant at the time of the attack and delivered a son while in a coma.

Miles, who could not be reached for comment Monday, told an SBI agent that she was “100 percent” certain that Marker had identified her assailant as a black male. When she talked with a detective assisting the Silk Plant Forest Citizens Review Committee, she said that her memory might not be correct and that committee members should rely on her written police reports. She said she could not explain why she did not include Marker’s descrip-tion of her assailant in her police reports. She said if Marker had told her that the assailant was a black male, she would have included that in her written reports.

Pishko and Newman argue in the motion that Forsyth County prosecutors obtained the affidavit as they were preparing to fight Smith’s appeal in Forsyth Superior Court and continued to intervene in the Smith case even after they had declared a conflict of interest and had the N.C. Attorney General’s Office handle Smith’s appeal.

Smith’s attorneys are not only asking for an evidentiary hearing but are also seeking discovery, including tele-phone records from the Forsyth County District Attorney’s Office and email correspondence between local prose-cutors and the N.C. Attorney General’s Office.

The motion filed Friday includes emails from former Assistant District Attorney David Hall, who is now a For-syth Superior Court judge, Tom Keith, former Forsyth County district attorney, and O’Neill. The emails all show, Pishko and Newman argue, that prosecutors used the affidavit as a way to bolster their argument that Smith was guilty and that Marker had identified her attacker consistently as a black male.

In a 2012 email to Mark Rabil, director of Wake Forest Law School’s Innocence and Justice Clinic, and Chris Swecker, a former FBI assistant director, O’Neill accuses the Duke Innocence Project of withholding Miles’ affi-davit. Swecker had recently released a report that concluded the police investigation into Marker’s beating was botched and that Smith deserved a new trial.

“Despite this evidence, the Duke Innocence Project continued to parade the name of Kenneth Lamoureux as the person who likely committed this crime, knowing full well that Jill Marker said her attacker was a black man,” O’Neill says in the email, according to the motion.

O’Neill said Monday that the rules of professional responsibility prevent him from commenting on pending liti-gation. But he has said in the past that his office did nothing wrong and that it would be nefarious to suggest oth-erwise. Hall could not be reached for comment. Keith said that he had not read the motion but noted that the Attor-ney General’s Office never used the affidavit in Smith’s appeal. He said he does not see how the affidavit is rele-vant.

The motion also cites a 2008 email that Hall sent to Pishko, vouching for Miles and saying that the record clearly demonstrated that “Jill Marker has consistently identified her assailant as a black male.”

The motion also cites a letter that Keith, who retired as district attorney in 2009, sent to Guy Blynn, the chair-man of the Silk Plant Forest Citizens Review Committee, which eventually concluded that it had no confidence in the police investigation.

“While the strictures of Ethical Rules 3.6 and 3.8 prohibit me from disclosing the import of her information in this letter, both Lt. (Joseph) Ferrelli and Sgt. (Chuck) Byrom know the significance of her observations,” he said in the letter.

 

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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Why I Think the US Justice System is Broken – and Why It’s Not Getting Fixed

broken column 3I was recently made aware of a quote from the ancient Greek playwright, Euripides. “Ours is a universe in which justice is accidental, and innocence no protection.”  I often feel like this describes our current justice system exactly, but it’s not supposed to be that way, and it doesn’t HAVE to be that way.  As with any system established and run by “humans,” the justice system, including those who run it, is exposed to the entire gamut of human frailties – pride, ego, ambition, greed, envy, passion, deceit, prejudice, hate, intolerance, power, influence, and on and on.  The situation hasn’t really changed since ancient Greece, and I don’t see the nature of humanity changing radically any time in the next  few thousand years, but there are things that can be done to at least mitigate the effect of these human shortcomings on the justice system.  This post will be comprehensive and quite long – so, buckle up, and here we go.  I hope that those of  you who have the patience to read through to the end may find it interesting, enlightening, and hopefully thought provoking.

As you might guess from the title, this post will be “editorial” in nature.  I’ve been doing innocence work for five years now, and have worked with seven different Innocence Projects from across the US and one foreign country.  Over that time, I’ve been exposed to the fine details of over 40 different cases.  These are all post-conviction cases in which there is a belief by the associated Innocence Project in the actual innocence of the defendant, and thus belief of a “wrongful conviction” on the part of the justice system.  In addition, my research in these cases has exposed me to many other additional cases in which a wrongful conviction occurred.  Consequently, I’ve seen a lot of the things that can go wrong in the justice system, and have been able to make judgments about how they happen.  This post will coalesce my observations into statements about why I think the US justice system is broken.  I’m going to be painting a pretty dark picture, so keep in mind that my exposure has been to cases in which the justice system failed, but there are lots of them.  There really isn’t any substantiated data for how many wrongful convictions occur in the US every year, but recent data says it’s between 5,000 and 10,000 per year.  One is too many.  At the end of the post, we’ll talk about why it’s not getting fixed.

I’m not an attorney, and some may accuse me of being a naive, optimistic idealist (which I am) or of tracking muddy footprints through the hallowed halls of justice; but I am only reporting what I have observed.  And if you think I’m making some of this stuff up, I strongly recommend you read the book False Justice: Eight Myths That Convict the Innocent by Jim and Nancy Petro.  (It’s available from amazon.com for $16.)  Jim is a former Attorney General for the state of Ohio, and Nancy, in addition to being an author and advocate, is also a contributing editor to this blog.  Now, are there good and dedicated prosecutors and police out there who are absolutely committed to seeing that true justice is served?  Of course.  Are there qualified and capable attorneys who will do their utmost on behalf of their clients?  Of course.  Unfortunately, there are also “others.”

All that being said  ……..

Why I Think the US Justice System is Broken

(As a preview, we’ll touch upon Bad Lawyers, Prosecutors, Judges, Police, Juries, Junk Science Forensics, False Confessions, Shoddy Work by Medical Examiners, Testimony from Experts Who Aren’t Really Experts, Finality of Judgement, Highly Restrictive Rules for New Evidence, Eyewitness Identification, and Recantations.)

Continue reading

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Exoneree Alan Northrop helps inspire Washington State to craft compensation bill
  • Federal judge rules that exoneree Jabbar Collins can proceed with lawsuits against the NYPD and Brooklyn DA

State’s Attorney’s Blind Eye to False Confession Raises Question of Conviction Integrity Sincerity

Center of Wrongful Convictions attorneys Karen Daniel and Judith Royal filed a petition for post-conviction relief (here) two weeks ago in the continuing saga of Daniel Taylor, imprisoned since 1992 for a double murder. The inconvenient conundrum is that Taylor and his lawyers have insisted that his confession was coerced, and official records support Taylor’s claim that he was in a police lockup at the time of the crime. That’s a particularly strong alibi, but thus far, it’s not been enough for Cook County State’s Attorney Anita Alvarez. Continue reading

New Scholarship Spotlight: Failed Evidence: Why Law Enforcement Resists Science

harris_david-0187_0Pittsburgh professor David Harris has posted the above-titled article, Chapter 1 of his new book, on SSRN.  Download full text here.  Abstract states:

News reports about police and science like DNA identification, and popular entertainment like the television program CSI and its many imitators, give the impression that science is now the handmaiden of law enforcement. But this picture is at best misleading. Law enforcement does rely on some scientific techniques, but far more often police and prosecution prefer to ignore or even resist science that bears directly on the basics of police investigation. Years of scientific research on eyewitness testimony, police interrogation, and basic forensic techniques (other than DNA and chemical analysis) tells us how these foundational aspects of investigation go wrong. This science also explains how we can improve these aspects of how evidence is gathered and used. This work has been published, peer reviewed, and duplicated – sometimes for decades. But despite the fact that 300 cases of wrongful convictions have now been exposed using DNA, law enforcement continues to resist changes to these basic techniques that police use every day.

The focus of Failed Evidence is why law enforcement resists, and what can be done to overcome it. The resistance to better, more accurate investigative techniques has its roots in two aspects of human thinking: cognitive barriers (e.g., cognitive dissonance, group polarization, and loss aversion), and institutional and political barriers (e.g., the imperatives of arrest and conviction, the ingrained “us versus them” heart of police culture). These problems keep most police and prosecutors from even considering positive change.

From this understanding of why the resistance to science occurs, Failed Evidence distills six recommendations for making change happen, and gives concrete examples of progress from around the nation.

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Exoneree compensation bill in the works in Colorado and in Washington state
  • Defiant, angry and frustrated, former prosecutor Ken Anderson took the stand on Friday to defend himself, ending a week of dramatic testimony in an unusual court of inquiry that is examining whether the former district attorney committed criminal misconduct during the trial that led to the wrongful murder conviction of Michael Morton.
  • Randolph Arledge walks free in Texas after DNA test results are returned; exoneration in his murder case pending

2012 Exonerations involving Brooklyn District Attorney’s Office

Nancy Petro recently blogged here about the exoneration of Jabbar Collins, who is now bringing a civil suit against the City of Brooklyn and individual prosecutorial staff for misconduct in his case.

The year of 2012 saw the discovery of additional cases of misconduct involving same district attorney’s office, leading to the exoneration of Ronald Bozeman, Lawrence Williams, and Darrell Dula in three different criminal cases.

All three spent 10 months to 2 years in jail due to governmental misconduct before being released for crimes they did not commit. Read more about them here, here, and here.

Amanda Knox to be Interviewed on ABC

Amanda Knox will give her first TV interview, since being absolved of murder charges in Italy, with Diane Sawyer on ABC April 30, 2013.

See story here.