Author Archives: Mark Godsey

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Ohio’s public records law dies slow death of 1,000 cuts
  • More than 30 years after he was convicted, a Virginia man has been cleared of abducting a woman and her two young children.  The Virginia Supreme Court on Monday granted Garry Lowell Diamond a writ of actual innocence, Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli said in a news release
  • In the UK, a man jailed in connection with a murder in Chorleywood 18 years ago is to have his case heard at the Court of Appeal.  Kevin Lane was found guilty of using a shotgun to kill Robert Magill while he walked his dog in 1996.  Appeals judges are expected to hear concerns over a Hertfordshire police officer involved in the investigation who was later jailed.  Lane’s solicitor Maslen Merchant told the BBC: “This is a significant development in what has been a long and arduous journey for Kevin and his legal team.”  The case has been reviewed twice by the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) which refused to refer the case for appeal.  He subsequently applied directly to the Court of Appeal which instructed the CCRC to look at “particular points”.  The announcement comes almost exactly a year after the Innocence Network UK (INUK) listed Lane’s among 45 cases it believes should be heard by the Court of Appeal. 

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Will Texas get an innocence commission?
  • Polygraphs and false confessions in Chicago
  • The North Carolina State Bar has released this proposed formal ethics opinion in response to a letter from Professor Jason Huber of Charlotte School of Law.  The proposed opinion addresses the question of whether a prosecutor who has come to believe that someone was wrongfully convicted can condition the initiation of a new proceeding or a dismissal on the convicted person’s release of civil claims against relevant law enforcement officials, including prosecutors.  The opinion says, “no,” concluding that a “prosecutor may not condition initiation of or cooperation in a proceeding to dismiss a conviction upon the convicted person’s release of civil claims against the prosecutor, law enforcement authorities, or other public officials or entities.”
  • PA Innocence Project has staff attorney position open
  • Oklahoma Justice Commission unveils proposals
  • House in State of Washington passes exoneree compensation bill

New Study Show Statistical Factors Behind Wrongful Convictions…

From news source:

Why do innocent people go to jail in the United States every year for violent crimes they did not commit? It’s a serious question representing the ultimate miscarriage of justice—taking away the freedom of a factually innocent person while also allowing the guilty person to remain free. The U.S. Department of Justice’s National Institute of Justice (NIJ) wanted to learn answers to prevent wrongful convictions in the first place.

Jon B. Gould, J.D., Ph.D., a professor and the director of the Washington Institute for Public and International Affairs Research at American University and his team of researchers conducted a three year, first of its kind, large-scale empirical study Predicting Erroneous Convictions: A Social Science Approach to Miscarriages of Justice employing social scientific methods. It was funded by NIJ, and an NIJ video features Gould discussing wrongful convictions. After identifying 460 cases employing sophisticated analytical methods matched with a qualitative review of the cases from a panel of experts, 10 statistically significant factors were identified that distinguish a wrongful conviction from a “near miss” (a case in which an innocent defendant was acquitted or had charges dismissed before trial).

“Surprisingly unlike airplane crashes or near midair collisions where the FAA moves in to investigate and reconstruct events in an effort to prevent future catastrophes, wrongful convictions have rarely been investigated beyond a specific case study,” says Gould. “This is especially troubling since our criminal legal system is predicated on finding defendants guilty beyond a reasonable doubt before imprisoning them.”

10 Factors Identified in Wrongful Convictions

  •     State death penalty culture/state punitiveness
  •     Strength of prosecution’s case
  •     Prosecution withheld evidence (Brady violation)
  •     Forensic evidence errors
  •     Strength of defendant’s case
  •     Age of defendant
  •     Criminal history of defendant
  •     Intentional misidentification
  •     Lying by non-eyewitness
  •     Family witness testified on behalf of defendant

 

The resulting 10 factor model applied by Gould and his team can be used to accurately predict an erroneous conviction versus a “near miss” nearly 91 percent of the time and is a useful tool for jurisdictions around the country to adopt remedies to address the 10 weaknesses with little cost according to Gould. The biggest investment is time, training and the acknowledgement that there is room for improvement from police, prosecutors and defense interests. A key to the model’s development was the unprecedented cooperation of an expert panel composed of stakeholders from the Association of Prosecuting Attorneys, Police Foundation, National Innocence Project and National District Attorneys Association.

From the quantitative and qualitative analysis, Gould and his team determined that prevention begins at the police station starting with the interrogation and investigation of alibis. This is followed by several opportunities along the way to identify the innocent before they are wrongfully convicted. For example, if forensic testing was conducted earlier and the results became available sooner to investigators innocent suspects could be freed. But faulty identifications, absence of early forensic test results, and inadequate investigation of alibis leads to what Gould characterizes as a “perfect storm” of errors made worse by collective tunnel vision. It should be noted much of this is unintentional.

The 10 factors in various combinations create this tunnel vision where a prosecutor with a weak case focuses on an accused even more intently rather than considering alternative suspects precisely because tunnel vision has set in – in other words the case seems to add up from the investigation but is sufficiently weak relying on perhaps a misidentification. For Gould this was the most surprising result of his research because he and his team expected strong prosecutorial cases to result in wrongful convictions since the evidence was compelling for the prosecutor to seek conviction but instead the study revealed the contrary. This led the team to look at weak defense counsel, poor explanation/presentation of forensic evidence, and police practices that could trigger the course of events spiraling out of control to a wrongful conviction because the weak prosecution case in turn is not adequately challenged by the defense attorney and the prosecution for one reason or the other may fail to disclose exculpatory evidence- a Brady violation.

Finally, the wrongfully convicted skew toward young suspects as well as those who have a prior criminal record. In other words, the defendants are not in a strong position to demand more from prosecutors or even their own defense counsel because they do not have the wherewithal to challenge the charges.

The study concludes that the social science approach is valid and effective in studying miscarriages of justice and should continue. Gould especially is interested in more research on the “near miss” cases to better learn how the criminal justice system can “get it right” when confronted with an innocent defendant. In the coming weeks, Gould will present his research in Seattle, Miami, New York City, Albany, NY, and North Carolina.

 

 

Federal Magistrate Recommends Granting the Petition in NCIP Arson Case

From the NCIP….

This case has been covered previously here.  Yesterday, the Northern California Innocence Prorjct receive the Report and Recommendation of Magistrate Michael Seng of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California.  The Magistrate recommended that the habeas petition be granted on three of the seven claims:  ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failure to present a fire expert at petitioner’s retrial, ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failure to call additional defense witnesses—after promising the jury in opening statements that he would do so—and cumulative error.  The court did not grant the petition on the ground that false evidence of arson was admitted (all of the “scientific” evidence has been conceded by the state to be unfounded), but noted that it had already found [in its ruling on Schlup—see earlier posting] that if that unreliable evidence had not been admitted at trial, Souliotes would have been acquitted.  The Magistrate really presents a bullet-proof analysis under Strickland.  Now, the AG has two weeks to file objections before the District Court either adopts, rejects, or revises this recommendation.

Notably, the Magistrate recommended that Mr. Souliotes, who is now 71 years old, be released within 30 days if the State does not decide to retry him.  Such a retrial, in light of the stipulated lack of evidence of arson, is pretty much unthinkable.

New Understandings in Medical Science Lead to Exoneration in Australia…

864615-pn-chris-von-deutschburgFrom Perthnow.com:

The WA Court of Appeal today set aside the 30-year-old second degree murder conviction of Chris von Deutschburg, with this morning’s judgement saying a “miscarriage of justice occurred at the (1983) trial”.

The acquittal was heavily dependant on evidence from WA microbiology Professor Marshall, which was submitted in the appeal run by Malcolm McCusker QC, before he became WA Governor.

On June 1 1983, Mr von Deutschburg, then a homeless 18-year-old known as Christian Wilhelm Michael scuffled with an elderly man during a house robbery.

The man died of a bleeding duodenal ulcer seven days later, and the teen was then jailed for life with hard labour in December and served seven years before being paroled in 1990.

In the December 1983 Supreme Court trial, then state pathologist Donald Hainsworth insisted 86-year-old Stavros Kakulas’s condition was brought on by stress caused by the incident.

But in October 2005, The Sunday Times started investigating the case and interviewed Prof Marshall, who said he stood by an affidavit refuting the evidence that convicted Mr von Deutschburg which he he wrote in 1986 when Mr von Deutschburg had previously considered appealing.

“As a result of my own research and findings . . . I strongly believe that all statements to the effect that the ulcer which caused Mr Kakulas’s death was caused by stress are medically incorrect,” he said in the 1986 document.

A petition for clemency by law firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques, settled by Mr McCusker, led to then WA attorney-general Christian Porter referring the case to the Court of Appeal in May 2012.

This was after Prof Marshall — who won the Nobel in 2005 with co-researcher Robin Warren for proving bacteria not stress caused most ulcers — emphatically told the State Solicitor’s Office the injuries did not cause the ulcer or its bleeding.

Prof Marshall wrote to the SSO in April 4, 2012, saying: “There is no likelihood that his (Mr Kakulas’s) injuries either worsened or contributed to the duodenal ulcer in question.”

In the Supreme Court this morning Justice Michael Buss said Mr von Deutschburg’s appeal had been allowed, there was a “judgement of acquittal” and that the “conviction for murder has been set aside”.

“The medical evidence before this court is incapable of proving beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant’s assault upon Mr Kakulas caused or materially contributed to his death,” the judgement said. “A miscarriage of justice occurred at the trial.”

Mr von Deutschburg, 48, who now lives in Victoria, said: “Today I welcome the Court of Appeal making a decision in this matter … in 1983 it took just three days to find me guilty, but some 30 years to finally accept my innocence.

“I served a life imprisonment with hard labour sentence, including years within Fremantle Prison, all based upon DPP trial evidence that simply never existed. This injustice spanning almost three decades has devastated my life.

“Thank you to Professor Marshall for his medical work of healing the sick, and saving the life of an innocent person persecuted by the State for some 30 years.

“Thank you to my current legal team Sam Vandongan SC and Legal Aid Natalie Sinton. Thank you to my previous legal team including now Governor Malcolm McCusker QC, Judith Fordham, and law firm Mallesons. Thank you to News Ltd journalist Paul Lampathakis who has been working tirelessly for the past some seven years.”

Mr von Deutschburg also thanked the foreman of the 1983 jury for support “all these decades and for visiting me while I was in Fremantle Prison, (and) RP and all those who have variously helped over these past 30 years.”

The former jury foreman, who cannot be named for legal reasons, told PerthNow the decision was “a great weight off my shoulders” because he always knew Mr von Deutschburg was “wrongly convicted”.

He said the jury wanted questions about whether anti-inflammatory drugs had been given to Mr Kakulas, which potentially could have caused the ulcer to bleed, and whether there was a differing medical opinion on the cause of ulcers. But he said the jury was told it could only deal with the evidence at the trial and therefore was compelled to convict him.

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • State of Washington considers exoneree compensation bill
  • On Monday, the U.S. Supreme Court heard two habeas cases with relevance to innocence work
  • Exoneree Bill Dillon to speak at the University of North Carolina
  • Wyoming waits to finally find the answer, innocent or guilty, as DNA testing begins in its first post-conviction DNA testing case.
  • Citing Michael Morton’s wrongful murder conviction, Texas state Sen. John Whitmire filed a bill Tuesday that would reset the statute of limitations for exonerated Texans who allege that a prosecutor improperly hid evidence or information favorable to the defense.  Senate Bill 825 would give exonerees four years from the date of their release from prison to file a grievance with the State Bar of Texas, which oversees attorney discipline. The statute of limitations currently begins at the time a violation occurs, though it allows time to be extended if a violation could not be discovered earlier because of “fraud or concealment.”

In North Carolina, Kalvin Michael Smith wants request for new trial restored

50c7ec383663f.preview-300From journalnow.com:

Attorneys for Kalvin Michael Smith are accusing Forsyth County prosecutors of using what they say was a false 2008 affidavit by a former Winston-Salem police officer to undercut Smith’s claims of innocence.

In a motion filed Friday, David Pishko, Smith’s attorney, and Theresa Newman, co-director of the Wrongful Conviction Clinic at Duke University School of Law, say the affidavit by Arnita Miles is “plainly and demonstra-bly false.”

Miles, one of the first police officers to talk to Jill Marker on the night of her 1995 attack at the Silk Plant Forest store, says that Marker identified her attacker as a black male. But Miles never mentions that in her incident report, instead describing Marker as incoherent and unable to give a description of her attacker.

The affidavit is significant because Winston-Salem police detectives initially focused their investigation on Kenneth Lamoureux, a white man with a history of violence who witnesses say was in the store on the night of the attack on Dec. 9, 1995. The affidavit was never used in any court proceeding involving Smith, and Lamoureux died in March 2011.

Smith was convicted in 1997 in connection with Marker’s assault and is serving 23 to 29 years in prison. The at-tack left Marker with severe brain injuries and needing 24-hour care. She was pregnant at the time of the attack and delivered a son while in a coma.

Miles, who could not be reached for comment Monday, told an SBI agent that she was “100 percent” certain that Marker had identified her assailant as a black male. When she talked with a detective assisting the Silk Plant Forest Citizens Review Committee, she said that her memory might not be correct and that committee members should rely on her written police reports. She said she could not explain why she did not include Marker’s descrip-tion of her assailant in her police reports. She said if Marker had told her that the assailant was a black male, she would have included that in her written reports.

Pishko and Newman argue in the motion that Forsyth County prosecutors obtained the affidavit as they were preparing to fight Smith’s appeal in Forsyth Superior Court and continued to intervene in the Smith case even after they had declared a conflict of interest and had the N.C. Attorney General’s Office handle Smith’s appeal.

Smith’s attorneys are not only asking for an evidentiary hearing but are also seeking discovery, including tele-phone records from the Forsyth County District Attorney’s Office and email correspondence between local prose-cutors and the N.C. Attorney General’s Office.

The motion filed Friday includes emails from former Assistant District Attorney David Hall, who is now a For-syth Superior Court judge, Tom Keith, former Forsyth County district attorney, and O’Neill. The emails all show, Pishko and Newman argue, that prosecutors used the affidavit as a way to bolster their argument that Smith was guilty and that Marker had identified her attacker consistently as a black male.

In a 2012 email to Mark Rabil, director of Wake Forest Law School’s Innocence and Justice Clinic, and Chris Swecker, a former FBI assistant director, O’Neill accuses the Duke Innocence Project of withholding Miles’ affi-davit. Swecker had recently released a report that concluded the police investigation into Marker’s beating was botched and that Smith deserved a new trial.

“Despite this evidence, the Duke Innocence Project continued to parade the name of Kenneth Lamoureux as the person who likely committed this crime, knowing full well that Jill Marker said her attacker was a black man,” O’Neill says in the email, according to the motion.

O’Neill said Monday that the rules of professional responsibility prevent him from commenting on pending liti-gation. But he has said in the past that his office did nothing wrong and that it would be nefarious to suggest oth-erwise. Hall could not be reached for comment. Keith said that he had not read the motion but noted that the Attor-ney General’s Office never used the affidavit in Smith’s appeal. He said he does not see how the affidavit is rele-vant.

The motion also cites a 2008 email that Hall sent to Pishko, vouching for Miles and saying that the record clearly demonstrated that “Jill Marker has consistently identified her assailant as a black male.”

The motion also cites a letter that Keith, who retired as district attorney in 2009, sent to Guy Blynn, the chair-man of the Silk Plant Forest Citizens Review Committee, which eventually concluded that it had no confidence in the police investigation.

“While the strictures of Ethical Rules 3.6 and 3.8 prohibit me from disclosing the import of her information in this letter, both Lt. (Joseph) Ferrelli and Sgt. (Chuck) Byrom know the significance of her observations,” he said in the letter.

 

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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Eyewitness ID Bill Introduced in California…

From a press release:

Ammiano bill would reduce mistaken convictions

SACRAMENTO – Assemblymember Tom Ammiano today introduced AB 604, a bill that would promote the use of research-proven witness identification procedures to reduce the incidence of wrongful convictions.

“Prosecutors and police investigators are often under pressure to identify a culprit. It’s important to make sure they identify the right person,” Ammiano said. “The case of Ronald Ross shows that shoddy witness identification has horrible consequences.”

Ronald Ross is due to be released from prison this month after spending years in state prison on the basis of a wrong identification. Following efforts by the Northern California Innocence Project, prosecutors in Alameda County have said they will ask a judge to release Ross, who was convicted of attempted murder in a 2006 shooting.

“The injustice to Ronald Ross was not the only terrible result in the Alameda County case,” Ammiano added. “There was also the fact that the true culprit went free and committed other crimes because police stopped looking for him. This bill will reduce the chances of both of those problems.”

The bill requires trial judges to give juries instructions about witness identification procedures. The instruction would tell jurors they could take into account the way in which identification took place, and whether it met certain criteria. The presence of that instruction would create an incentive for investigators to use more careful procedures.

Among the procedures that improve the quality of identification are sequential presentation of photo lineups (as opposed to showing all photos at one time) and having double-blind administration, in which a party not directly involved in the case administers the lineup presentation.

In Ross’ case, there was not double-blind administration. As a result, the victim was reportedly pressured to make the identification of Ross as the shooter. The actual culprit was not included in the lineup.

The bill is sponsored by the ACLU of California, the California Public Defenders Association and the Northern California Innocence Project.

Exoneration in Canada Yesterday…

7992422.binFrom TheProvince.com:

A special prosecutor has concluded that a miscarriage of justice took place in the case of a man convicted more than seven years ago of sexual assault.

Lawyer Peter Wilson was appointed in September 2011 to review a conviction for sexual assault against Gurdev Singh Dhillon.

Dhillon had been convicted in October 2005 following a trial in B.C. Provincial Court in Surrey.

The case against Dhillon included an in-court identification of him as one of the two perpetrators of the July 2004 sexual assault and other evidence of his presence at the scene.

Dhillon was sentenced to four years in prison. Appeals of both his conviction and sentence were dismissed in 2006.

According to Surrey RCMP, in August 2011, sexual-offence investigators who were reviewing the investigation that led to Dhillon’s conviction determined that the initial investigation “did not sufficiently consider additional avenues regarding other potential suspects.”

This information was not shared with prosecutors or defence lawyers during the original trial or Dhillon’s appeals.

In September 2011, Surrey RCMP alerted the Criminal Justice Branch and asked Delta police to conduct an independent external review and a parallel investigation into the original sexual assault complaint. That let to Wilson’s appointment

“Based on his consideration of the material as a whole, and in light of the issues raised at Mr. Dhillon’s trial, the special prosecutor has concluded that a miscarriage of justice occurred,” a news release from the Criminal Justice Branch stated Wednesday.

“This conclusion relates to the fairness of Mr. Dhillon’s trial based on non-disclosure to him of material evidence.”

Wilson has recommended that Dhillon be provided with full disclosure of the materials reviewed by the special prosecutor and an opportunity to apply to have his conviction set aside.

Surrey RCMP Supt. Bill Fordy issued an apology Wednesday.

“I recognize, and understand, that the general public will have concerns about this incident. I share those concerns and deeply regret the impacts these mistakes may have had on all those involved,” Fordy said in a news release.

“When the mistakes were brought to my attention, I, and other senior managers, took the corrective steps available to us.”

Wilson has also approved charges against two other men.

Mohammed Zaaid Ukhttar and Sital Singh Bhatti were charged Feb. 12 with one count each of sexual assault. First court appearances have been scheduled for April 5.

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Exoneree Alan Northrop helps inspire Washington State to craft compensation bill
  • Federal judge rules that exoneree Jabbar Collins can proceed with lawsuits against the NYPD and Brooklyn DA

NCIP Scores Exoneration in Oakland…

The Northern California Innocence Project is on the verge of an exoneration in Oakland….

From SFgate.com:

A man who has spent nearly seven years in prison for a shooting in West Oakland is on the brink of being released after his attorneys argued he was the innocent victim of shoddy police work and lying witnesses who have since recanted.

Alameda County prosecutors, who put 51-year-old Ronald Ross in state prison for attempted murder and assault with a firearm, conceded Friday that his conviction should not stand and said they would ask a Superior Court judge to free him.

“The district attorney doesn’t have confidence the verdict was fully supported given all of the circumstances,” said Assistant District Attorney Micheal O’Connor.

Friday’s developments mean that Ross, who has been serving a sentence of 25 years to life at San Quentin State Prison, is probably days away from the end of an unusual and lengthy legal saga.

Ross, who had no record of violence, was arrested by Oakland police after the shooting victim, Renardo Williams, picked him out of a lineup of six photos, Ross’ attorneys said.

Bedside lineup

They said police showed the lineup to him at his hospital bedside three days after he was shot in front of his apartment at the Campbell Village complex on April 15, 2006.

Ross’ attorneys said he had been included in the lineup because of a loose connection – his mother had, years earlier, lived in the same building as a woman Continue reading

Scholarship Spotlight: Promoting Accuracy in the Use of Confession Evidence: An Argument for Pre-Trial Reliability Assessments to Prevent Wrongful Convictions

Professor Richard Leo

Professor Richard Leo


The all-star team of Richard Leo, Peter Neufeld, Steve Drizin and Andew Taslitz have posted the above-titled article on SSRN.  Download article here.  The abstract states:

This article argues that constitutional criminal procedure rules provide insufficient safeguards against the admissibility of false confession evidence that is the product of police contamination. We propose a specific framework, as well as several possible mechanisms, for courts to review and screen the reliability of confession evidence prior to trial. We also offer specific suggestions for how pre-trial reliability assessments for confession evidence could effectively and efficiently work in practice. Finally, we respond to several possible objections to the idea of pre-trial reliability assessments, underscoring that in a variety of contexts trial judges – consistent with their traditional gatekeeping role — already routinely prevent evidence with sufficient indicia of unreliability from going to the jury.

Families Suffer as NY Hesitates on Innocence Reforms…

From Buffalonews.com:

The only good thing that ever came from Anthony Capozzi’s wrongful conviction and imprisonment for rape was that Western New Yorkers were able to witness a demonstration of the twin virtues of devotion and grace under pressure. Capozzi’s parents, Mary and Albert Capozzi Sr., never lost faith in their son’s innocence while he was serving 22 years in prison.

Albert Capozzi died Monday at age 87 and, as New York continues to avoid taking responsibility for a criminal justice system that does too little to distinguish between the innocent and the guilty, the passing of this generous spirit should not go unnoticed. He and his family suffered a hell most of us cannot imagine as the unrecognized victims of the problem of wrongful conviction. Mary Capozzi died three years ago.

Through its refusal to act, Albany has been willing to turn its back on the direct victims of wrongful conviction. State officials will fork over some money to make up for the decades lost in prison, but they haven’t done anything to lessen the chances of future atrocities.

The state has also showed a criminal indifference to the future victims that wrongful conviction can produce. The man authorities should have arrested, Altemio Sanchez, continued to rape women while Capozzi deteriorated in prison, and then he began murdering his victims. Albany doesn’t worry about them too much, either.

These are the obvious victims, and plainly those with the most at stake. But the families of those who are wrongfully convicted bear a silent burden. Knowing their relative is innocent, they must nonetheless bear legal costs, travel costs to visit and the emotional burdens that go along with living in a community that believes your son is a criminal.

Perhaps those burdens don’t stack up against those of other victims of wrongful conviction, but the fact is that something can be done about all of it. There are common-sense reforms, backed by police and prosecutors, that would diminish the chances of convicting the wrong person.

Those reforms include better lineup procedures to prevent misidentification by witnesses and recorded interrogations to guard against the odd but real phenomenon of false confession.

Innocent suspects, under intolerable pressure and sometimes mentally ill, sometimes confess thinking they will then find relief from their interrogators. This sometimes happens when police inadvertently feed the suspect details of the crime that only the perpetrator would now. Recorded interrogations would provide a bulwark against that problem. Once police become accustomed to that procedure, they often come to appreciate it.

No system can fully protect against the problems of human nature, whether misidentification by witnesses or hasty decisions by police under pressure to get a criminal off the streets. But we can do better than we are now.

In his State of the State speech last month, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo proposed changes to address the problems of witness misidentification and false confession. He should press them.

And if lawmakers don’t care about the Anthony Capozzis of the state or the women who might be alive if Sanchez had been captured earlier, they might at least think of Albert and Mary Capozzi and the other families that suffer in this state because of wrongful conviction.

 

New Innocence Reforms in DC…

From the Washington Post:

Courts and police in the nation’s capital will change how they conduct lineups of suspects, when they notify defendants about informants and how long they retain criminal trial records, all in response to errors that have put innocent people in prison.

A task force created by D.C. Superior Court Chief Judge Lee F. Satterfield recommended that police use computers and staff not associated with a particular case to administer photo lineups to prevent influencing potential witnesses.

The court acknowledged that DNA often has cleared defendants long after their convictions, so officials will by March begin keeping trial records permanently rather than destroying them after 10 years.

Local courts also will begin giving criminal defendants earlier notice of any information that might impeach police informants — such as their criminal record and whether they have been paid, won a plea deal or other inducement, or cooperated with police or prosecutors in the past. Such information will be turned over at least two weeks before trial if it does not endanger witnesses, officials said. Previously, defendants got that information a few hours or days before trial.

“The Superior Court strives to attain exemplary standards of practice in the criminal justice system,” Satterfield wrote in a letter Tuesday thanking the panel.

The changes place District authorities on a path undertaken by many state legislatures, police agencies and court systems in response to wrongful Continue reading

Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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New Scholarship Spotlight: Failed Evidence: Why Law Enforcement Resists Science

harris_david-0187_0Pittsburgh professor David Harris has posted the above-titled article, Chapter 1 of his new book, on SSRN.  Download full text here.  Abstract states:

News reports about police and science like DNA identification, and popular entertainment like the television program CSI and its many imitators, give the impression that science is now the handmaiden of law enforcement. But this picture is at best misleading. Law enforcement does rely on some scientific techniques, but far more often police and prosecution prefer to ignore or even resist science that bears directly on the basics of police investigation. Years of scientific research on eyewitness testimony, police interrogation, and basic forensic techniques (other than DNA and chemical analysis) tells us how these foundational aspects of investigation go wrong. This science also explains how we can improve these aspects of how evidence is gathered and used. This work has been published, peer reviewed, and duplicated – sometimes for decades. But despite the fact that 300 cases of wrongful convictions have now been exposed using DNA, law enforcement continues to resist changes to these basic techniques that police use every day.

The focus of Failed Evidence is why law enforcement resists, and what can be done to overcome it. The resistance to better, more accurate investigative techniques has its roots in two aspects of human thinking: cognitive barriers (e.g., cognitive dissonance, group polarization, and loss aversion), and institutional and political barriers (e.g., the imperatives of arrest and conviction, the ingrained “us versus them” heart of police culture). These problems keep most police and prosecutors from even considering positive change.

From this understanding of why the resistance to science occurs, Failed Evidence distills six recommendations for making change happen, and gives concrete examples of progress from around the nation.

Tuesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Exoneree compensation bill in the works in Colorado and in Washington state
  • Defiant, angry and frustrated, former prosecutor Ken Anderson took the stand on Friday to defend himself, ending a week of dramatic testimony in an unusual court of inquiry that is examining whether the former district attorney committed criminal misconduct during the trial that led to the wrongful murder conviction of Michael Morton.
  • Randolph Arledge walks free in Texas after DNA test results are returned; exoneration in his murder case pending