Category Archives: Junk science

Exonerees often find that their record haunts them

One of the 8,000 graduating students at Ohio State University to whom President Barack Obama gave the commencement address yesterday had a lot longer journey than most to get to that point. Virginia LeFever’s plans to get a bachelor’s degree in nursing were interrupted in 1990 when she was convicted of killing her husband, greatly because of the novel theory of an expert who lied about his credentials. When LeFever’s conviction was overturned in 2011 and she was released from prison, she started looking for a job and applied to continue her studies at OSU.

Getting into college proved to be easier than getting a job. Although LeFever’s criminal record had been ordered sealed, it still came up in background reports until the source was identified and the records were removed from its database. LeFever also had to overcome difficulties getting her nursing license fully reinstated. Now that she has her degree and a license, LeFever hopes to get a nursing job and start graduate work so she can become a nurse practioner. But it’s taken a two-year struggle and the help of her dedicated attorneys to get to the point that she hopes to be able to get a decent-paying job.

LeFever is not alone. As The New York Times reports here, “sealing or clearing a criminal record after a wrongful conviction is a tangled and expensive process” that many exonerees have difficulty getting through.

Pre-requisites for a safe Criminal Justice System I: GOOD Science.

Junk_Science_zps5ca255edTime and again, we are reminded that ‘junk science’ can so easily lead to injustice. This need not just be wrongful convictions, but can damage confidence in the justice system in many ways, including giving false hope to victims. However, it is shocking to still see cases where BAD science can lead to people being wrongfully convicted. It is still happening daily around the world. In the US, ‘bite mark’ evidence is still being used to convict, EVEN when the bite mark evidence given at trial is later reversed by the same experts  - read the shocking story here….

When Courts Uphold Bad Science, Innocent People Stay in Prison

Fortunately for one suspect – DNA evidence came to his rescue – albeit 3months after his arrest and imprisonment on child rape charges. The suspect had been identified by the victim AND failed a lie detector test, but was eventually freed when DNA testing that he had pleaded for, linked to another convicted felon who lived nearby. The Prosecutor had only reluctantly agreed to DNA testing, stating previously that it would be ‘a waste of taxpayers money’. Read here…

Rape Suspect Denied DNA Test Is Finally Cleared

This is a shocking reminder that prosecutors and governments as a whole, often think of forensic science as a ‘cost’ that can be cut. This is playing out now in the UK, with the ongoing cost-cutting which has seen the closure of the Forensic Science Service and full privatisation of the forensic science ‘market’, as well as the slashing of police science budgets. Now, finally, the media are reporting on the shocking delay in the UK of utilising advances in DNA profiling. Read more here….

Britain goes from ‘pole position to banana republic’ in DNA profiling

How long before we are counting the cost in terms of wrongfully convicted individuals?

World Congress on Infant Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)

IHTThere will be a significant event in the pursuit of true science in diagnosing shaken baby syndrome (abusive head trauma) on November 15-17, 2013 in Dallas, Texas

The World Congress on Infant Head Trauma will bring together international speakers to find common ground and debate controversial topics in pediatric forensic pathology. This unique congress focuses primarily on the pathology and etiology of head trauma (and its mimics) and not the overarching issue of child abuse.

See the conference website here.

I am hopeful that this will be the start of dragging the majority of the pediatric medical community into an understanding of the true science underlying cause-and-effect relationships involved in infants that present with “triad” symptoms.

Medical ‘Folklore’ Yields Yet Another Shaken Baby Wrongful Conviction

Melissa Staas is a staff attorney with the Family Defense Center in Chicago, and has recently made the SBS (Shaken Baby Syndrome) defense community aware of a case in Chicago that exemplifies many of the problems with the extant pediatric medical establishment in dealing with medical conditions that are misread by uninformed doctors diagnosing abuse.  This is a classic case of what I call “dueling experts.”  See the previous WCB post addressing SBS medical expert testimony and “dueling experts” here.

Melissa sent an e’mail describing an appellate court brief recently filed by the Family Defense Center in a so-called “abuse” case in Chicago.  That e’mail follows:    (posted here with her permission)

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Arson Investigation – FINALLY, After 21 Years, the IAAI Endorses NFPA921

arsonThe phenomenon of “flashover,” by which any ‘compartment fire’ (ie: a fire in a room) can produce all the traditionally accepted signs of arson, was discovered in 1991.  Watch a video of flashover occurring here.

The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), which is the recognized authoritative body on fire science, published the first edition of its standard NFPA921 (Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations) in 1992, and it included a recognition of the phenomenon of flashover.  Consequently, it was declaring that all the “rules” and “indicators” that had been used by arson investigators for decades to determine if a fire was arson were wrong.  NFPA921 was immediately met with “stonewall” resistance from the US fire inspection community, including the IAAI (International Association of Arson Investigators).

NFPA921

The process of dragging fire investigation into the reality of science has been long and arduous.  The IAAI eventually offered a grudging acknowledgement of NFPA921, but it was not until January 12, 2013 (just three months ago) that the IAAI issued a “full” endorsement of NFPA921.  Their official position statement follows:

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Hair Analysis Evidence About to Join CBLA as “Junk Science”

No HairThe FBI and the Department of Justice have announced that they are beginning an unprecedented review of over 10,000 cases involving microscopic hair analysis evidence.  They have conceded that, since at least 1985, FBI agents have been providing hair evidence testimony in court that is not scientifically supportable.  See previous WCB hair analysis evidence post here.

These actions result in large part from the work done by Washington Post reporter Spencer Hsu.  And in recognition of this, Spencer was awarded the Innocence Network 2013 Journalism Award last Friday evening (4/19/13) at the National Innocence Network Conference, being held this year in Charlotte, NC.  See one of Spencer’s articles on this subject from last July here.

The case reviews will be assisted by the Innocence Project and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.

The last time the FBI abandoned a forensic practice was in 2005 when CBLA (compositional bullet lead analysis) was debunked because its premise is not scientifically supportable.  See previous WCB CBLA post here.

The 2009 report by the National Academy of Sciences on the state of forensics in the US had this to say about hair analysis evidence -  “The report finds no scientific support for the use of hair comparisons for individualization in the absence of nuclear DNA.”

Northern California Innocence Project Wins Release for Innocent Man Wrongly Convicted of Arson and Triple Murder Based on Faulty Fire Science

George Souliotes and his legal team (from left): Orrick Attorney Shannon Leong, NCIP Legal Director Linda Starr, George Souliotes, Orrick Attorney Jimmy McBirney and former Orrick Attorney Megan Crane

George Souliotes and his legal team (from left): Orrick Attorney Shannon Leong, NCIP Legal Director Linda Starr, George Souliotes, Orrick Attorney Jimmy McBirney and former Orrick Attorney Megan Crane

SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 15, 2013 –The Northern California Innocence Project (NCIP) at Santa Clara University School of Law and Orrick, Herrington, & Sutcliffe, LLP announced that on April 12, a California federal district court judge overturned the wrongful conviction of George Souliotes for arson and triple murder.  Souliotes, 72, has served 16 years of his sentence of three life terms without parole.

 In granting his release, District Judge Anthony W. Ishii found Souliotes had received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial.  That finding came a year after his attorneys persuaded the judge of Souliotes’ “actual innocence,” successfully arguing his conviction was based on faulty fire science and that no reasonable juror today would convict him.

The judge ordered his release unless the State of California not only notifies the court that it intends to retry Souliotes, but also takes concrete and substantial steps to do so within 30 days.  The order does not specify when he is to be released, but his attorneys expect it to be within 30 days.

“After more than 10 years of fighting for Mr. Souliotes’ freedom we are gratified that the court has found him innocent and ordered his release,” said Linda Starr, NCIP’s legal director.  “Mr. Souliotes’ conviction was a tragedy, and we now know it was based on faulty fire science that has since been discredited.  We hope the California Attorney General will honor the judge’s ruling and not take any further action that might needlessly delay Mr. Souliotes’ long overdue return home. ”

Background

On January 15, 1997, a rental property owned by Souliotes in Modesto, Calif., burned to the ground in the middle of the night and three tenants died in the fire.

The prosecution’s case against Souliotes was based almost entirely on two forensic pieces of evidence that new developments in fire science have since discredited:  First, investigators based their arson determination on certain indicators that were long believed to be evidence of arson — but developments in modern fire science have shown these indicators are just as consistent with accidental fires or any fire where the temperature reaches “flashover” conditions.

Second, forensic tests revealed a chemical compound known as a medium petroleum distillate, or “MPD,” was found at the fire scene and on Souliotes’ shoes.  MPDs are a chemical compound that exist in some ignitable liquids such Continue reading

Monday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • Article about torture during interrogations in South Africa, exposed by the Wits Justice Project
  • Some lawmakers in the Florida want to speed up executions
  • How the Retrial Act (which allows old cases to be reopened when new evidence of innocence surfaces) has given hope to the innocent in Thailand
  • In California, walking 600 miles for the innocent
  • Connecticut Innocence Project gets new director
  • The Mississippi Supreme Court has thrown out the testimony of the prolific and controversial medical examiner Steven Hayne and ordered a new trial for convicted murderer David Parvin in a unanimous decision. It’s the second time in 20 years that the court has found problems with Hayne’s testimony in a murder case and may foreshadow things to come.
  • Editorial on the need to compensate exonerees in the state of Washington
  • Dallas DA Watkins discusses freeing the wrongfully convicted
  • This month marks the 50th anniversary of one of the most significant Supreme Court decisions this country’s criminal justice system has ever known – Gideon V. Wainwright. The case, along with later decisions, cemented the 6th amendment right to counsel for anyone, regardless if they have the ability to pay.But in a quick scan of the media today of monthly magazines to news dailies on the topic, readers will find one unified reflection expressed — half a century after Gideon, we are far from realizing effective representation for all.  Keep reading here

  • Exoneree and football player Brian Banks talks about signing with the Atlanta Falcons
  • Details on Innocence Project New Orleans’ upcoming 12th annual gala

Babysitters and Shaken Baby Syndrome

Those of you who follow shaken baby syndrome cases may have noticed, as I have, that SBS charges seem to fall disproportionately upon babysitters, including family members.  However, this is strictly an anecdotal observation on my part, and I have no real data to back it up. But just ask Audrey Edmunds.

I’m sure this is a consequence of being a “lone caregiver” with no other adult witnesses who would be able to testify that the babysitter never abused the child.  This is typical of SBS cases.  If a child dies and presents SBS (triad) symptoms, the last person alone with the child is “automatically” charged.

If you’re not aware, Sue Luttner maintains an extraordinarily good blog about SBS – OnSBS.com.  She has recently posted an article addressing the cases of five babysitters and their travails with the justice system and SBS charges - Mary Weaver, Kelly Kline, Ashley Howes, Suzanne Johnson, and Marina England.

Here is a link to that post:

http://onsbs.com/2013/04/08/old-cases-new-cases-sad-cases-true-cases/

Wednesday’s Quick Clicks…

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  • In St. Louis, Rodney Lincoln’s lawyers, from the Midwest Innocence Project, argue that DNA results contradict faulty science and misleading testimony that was key to sending him to prison three decades ago on a double life sentence.
  • Karen A. Goodrow, former Director of the Connecticut Innocence Project, appointed to the bench in CT.
  • The Illinois Appellate Court on Friday granted an evidentiary hearing to a Chicago man, Charles Johnson, who has long claimed he was wrongfully convicted of a 1995 double murder, saying new evidence that defense attorneys claim implicates another man “would probably” lead to his acquittal at a retrial.  The appeals court also took the unusual step of assigning the case to a new trial court judge, agreeing with defense attorneys that Cook County Judge Joseph Kazmierski “appears to have prejudged a central issue” regarding the evidence. Kazmierski had presided over the original trial.
  • New Jersey bill would raise compensation for wrongfully convicted
  • A woman who served 27 years of a life sentence for her husband’s murder — despite not being present when he was killed — was among 87 people granted clemency by Gov. Pat Quinn on Friday.  Peggy Jo Jackson left the Logan Correctional Center on Friday and headed to South Carolina, where she’ll live with her sister and mother and complete her parole, said Erica Nichols-Cook, an attorney with the Illinois Innocence Project at the University of Illinois-Springfield.

40+ Years After Epic Fire, Convicted Man to Go Free

LTaylorLouis Taylor has spent 43 years in prison for a crime he did not commit – setting a hotel on fire, resulting in the deaths of 29 people.

He was convicted based upon arson junk science and the false testimony of jailhouse snitches.

Two review committees determined that there is no longer enough evidence available to tell whether or not arson was in play.  They said that the experts in the original trial “used methods no longer valid in the science of today.”

The Arizona Justice Project played a key role in bringing the case to resolution.  Unfortunately, Louis Taylor will have to plead “no contest,” receive credit for time served, and be released on that basis.

You can read the CNN story here.  Watch 60 Minutes segment here.

Calculating Bad Math’s Contribution to Wrongful Conviction

This is my second stab at responding to an opinion piece (here) in the New York Times written by Leila Schneps, a mathematician and mystery writer, and her daughter Coralie Colmez, who have co-authored “Math on Trial: How Numbers Get Used and Abused in the Courtroom.” (I deleted yesterday’s post to give this more thought and expand on the issues raised in the op-ed piece.) I’ll first briefly address the authors’ troubling and rather contrived tie-in to the Italian High Court’s overturning of the acquittal of Amanda Knox. The NY Times piece otherwise makes a point worth stressing. Continue reading

Thursday’s Quick Clicks…

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Re-examination of Arson Convictions to Begin in Texas

Nine years ago Cameron Todd Willingham was executed in Texas after being convicted of killing his three children in a fire. Whether or not the tragic fire was a crime or an accident has been a haunting question in light of alternative explanations for the burn patterns once believed to be proof of the use of an accelerant. According to an Associated Press press in the Baylor Lariat (here), next month an ongoing collaboration of the Texas state fire marshall and the Innocence Project of Texas will proceed to it’s next task: reviewing the first six cases of arson conviction that have been identified as potentially problematic due to their dependance on questionable science. Continue reading

Federal Magistrate Recommends Granting the Petition in NCIP Arson Case

From the NCIP….

This case has been covered previously here.  Yesterday, the Northern California Innocence Prorjct receive the Report and Recommendation of Magistrate Michael Seng of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California.  The Magistrate recommended that the habeas petition be granted on three of the seven claims:  ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failure to present a fire expert at petitioner’s retrial, ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failure to call additional defense witnesses—after promising the jury in opening statements that he would do so—and cumulative error.  The court did not grant the petition on the ground that false evidence of arson was admitted (all of the “scientific” evidence has been conceded by the state to be unfounded), but noted that it had already found [in its ruling on Schlup—see earlier posting] that if that unreliable evidence had not been admitted at trial, Souliotes would have been acquitted.  The Magistrate really presents a bullet-proof analysis under Strickland.  Now, the AG has two weeks to file objections before the District Court either adopts, rejects, or revises this recommendation.

Notably, the Magistrate recommended that Mr. Souliotes, who is now 71 years old, be released within 30 days if the State does not decide to retry him.  Such a retrial, in light of the stipulated lack of evidence of arson, is pretty much unthinkable.

New Understandings in Medical Science Lead to Exoneration in Australia…

864615-pn-chris-von-deutschburgFrom Perthnow.com:

The WA Court of Appeal today set aside the 30-year-old second degree murder conviction of Chris von Deutschburg, with this morning’s judgement saying a “miscarriage of justice occurred at the (1983) trial”.

The acquittal was heavily dependant on evidence from WA microbiology Professor Marshall, which was submitted in the appeal run by Malcolm McCusker QC, before he became WA Governor.

On June 1 1983, Mr von Deutschburg, then a homeless 18-year-old known as Christian Wilhelm Michael scuffled with an elderly man during a house robbery.

The man died of a bleeding duodenal ulcer seven days later, and the teen was then jailed for life with hard labour in December and served seven years before being paroled in 1990.

In the December 1983 Supreme Court trial, then state pathologist Donald Hainsworth insisted 86-year-old Stavros Kakulas’s condition was brought on by stress caused by the incident.

But in October 2005, The Sunday Times started investigating the case and interviewed Prof Marshall, who said he stood by an affidavit refuting the evidence that convicted Mr von Deutschburg which he he wrote in 1986 when Mr von Deutschburg had previously considered appealing.

“As a result of my own research and findings . . . I strongly believe that all statements to the effect that the ulcer which caused Mr Kakulas’s death was caused by stress are medically incorrect,” he said in the 1986 document.

A petition for clemency by law firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques, settled by Mr McCusker, led to then WA attorney-general Christian Porter referring the case to the Court of Appeal in May 2012.

This was after Prof Marshall — who won the Nobel in 2005 with co-researcher Robin Warren for proving bacteria not stress caused most ulcers — emphatically told the State Solicitor’s Office the injuries did not cause the ulcer or its bleeding.

Prof Marshall wrote to the SSO in April 4, 2012, saying: “There is no likelihood that his (Mr Kakulas’s) injuries either worsened or contributed to the duodenal ulcer in question.”

In the Supreme Court this morning Justice Michael Buss said Mr von Deutschburg’s appeal had been allowed, there was a “judgement of acquittal” and that the “conviction for murder has been set aside”.

“The medical evidence before this court is incapable of proving beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant’s assault upon Mr Kakulas caused or materially contributed to his death,” the judgement said. “A miscarriage of justice occurred at the trial.”

Mr von Deutschburg, 48, who now lives in Victoria, said: “Today I welcome the Court of Appeal making a decision in this matter … in 1983 it took just three days to find me guilty, but some 30 years to finally accept my innocence.

“I served a life imprisonment with hard labour sentence, including years within Fremantle Prison, all based upon DPP trial evidence that simply never existed. This injustice spanning almost three decades has devastated my life.

“Thank you to Professor Marshall for his medical work of healing the sick, and saving the life of an innocent person persecuted by the State for some 30 years.

“Thank you to my current legal team Sam Vandongan SC and Legal Aid Natalie Sinton. Thank you to my previous legal team including now Governor Malcolm McCusker QC, Judith Fordham, and law firm Mallesons. Thank you to News Ltd journalist Paul Lampathakis who has been working tirelessly for the past some seven years.”

Mr von Deutschburg also thanked the foreman of the 1983 jury for support “all these decades and for visiting me while I was in Fremantle Prison, (and) RP and all those who have variously helped over these past 30 years.”

The former jury foreman, who cannot be named for legal reasons, told PerthNow the decision was “a great weight off my shoulders” because he always knew Mr von Deutschburg was “wrongly convicted”.

He said the jury wanted questions about whether anti-inflammatory drugs had been given to Mr Kakulas, which potentially could have caused the ulcer to bleed, and whether there was a differing medical opinion on the cause of ulcers. But he said the jury was told it could only deal with the evidence at the trial and therefore was compelled to convict him.

Dog-Scent Lineups – One of the ‘Junkiest’ of the Junk Sciences

pointerA dog-scent lineup consists of matching a “scent” sample from a crime scene to a “scent” sample from a suspect by a dog.  The practice has been used in several states, including Alaska, Florida, New York, and Texas.  We know that dogs have an incredibly acute sense of smell, but the major problem has been with the handlers of these dogs, who have been proven to be fakes and charlatans.

The Innocence Project of Texas has published an excellent article about this practice in the state of Texas.  While 71 pages in total, the actual article is only 14 pages – the rest being appended affidavits from experts.  The link to the article is below:

Dog Scent Lineups-Junk Science-IPOT

The most infamous practitioner of this bogus science has been Deputy Keith Pickett of Fort Bend County, Texas.  From 1994 to 2009 he traveled all over the state of Texas with his dogs, conducting dog-scent lineups.  And he was always telling police and prosecutors exactly what they wanted to hear.  The prosecutors loved him, and he was something of a “justice system rock star.”  At one point, his status as an expert was even solidified by an appellate court decision.

The NY Times published an article about the wrongful imprisonment of Curvis Bickham in Texas.  He was linked to a triple murder through bogus dog-scent lineup evidence provided by Keith Pickett and his dogs.  Mr. Bickham was eventually released only because the real perpetrator confessed, and he had lost everything – his house, his cars, and his business.  See the article here.  And another NY Times article on the subject here.  In 2009, the dog-scent convictions in Texas started being overturned.  It’s about this time that Mr. Pickett “retired.”  Nobody has records of exactly how may cases Keith Pickett and his dogs were involved in, but it’s believed to be as high as 2,000.

There is a similar situation in Florida with a dog handler named John Preston.  See article here.  To this day, nobody knows how many innocent people are still in prison as a result of John Preston’s fakery.  Preston died in 2008 without ever having been charged for his fraud.

The most scientific approach to dog-scent lineups has been taken by the Dutch police, who have been establishing rigorous training & administration requirements and processes since 1919.  What they have found is that, even under the best of conditions and with the most rigorous processes, dog-scent lineup evidence is only 85% accurate.  Dog-scent lineup evidence is not admissable in Dutch courts unless it is in conjuction with other evidence identifying the suspect.  This article has more detail on the Dutch police practices with dog-scent lineups.

Panel formed to set standards, improve forensic science in U.S.

Good news from http://www.popsci.com:

After years of reports of troubled crime labs, the U.S. Department of Justice is putting together a commission that will set standards, a professional code and education requirements for forensic scientists.

The U.S. Department of Justice is looking for a little outside help standardizing the science that puts some people behind bars and sets others free. The department, along with a U.S. science body, is putting together a National Commission on Forensic Science, the agencies announced recently.

The commission will create a professional code for forensic scientists, set certification requirements and advise the Attorney General, the announcement said. In addition, the National Institute of Standards and Technology will double-check existing forensic science standards and develop new ways of making forensic measurements.

The announcement follows nationwide discoveries of sloppily run crime labs. It also comes after years of evidence that many forensic-science techniques need dramatic improvement and sometimes send innocent people to prison–or worse.

When we say years of evidence, we mean years. In 2009, the National Research Council reported that forensic science needed stronger standards. For some forensic techniques, for example, there’s no single standard for what constitutes a match between crime-scene evidence and the control; instead, interpretations vary from lab to lab.

That same year, the nonprofit Innocence Project published research that suggested 45 percent of wrongful convictions stemmed from faulty forensics. (Another report, by the former director of forensic sciences for the Michigan State Police, says the figure is more like 11 percent.)

The National Research Council report suggested the U.S. form a national institute just for forensic science. The new commission will perform many of the functions the research council suggested.

The commission will have about 30 people, including forensic scientists, academic scientists, prosecutors, defense attorneys and judges. The National Register will publish a notice asking people to apply for membership.

Why I Think the US Justice System is Broken – and Why It’s Not Getting Fixed

broken column 3I was recently made aware of a quote from the ancient Greek playwright, Euripides. “Ours is a universe in which justice is accidental, and innocence no protection.”  I often feel like this describes our current justice system exactly, but it’s not supposed to be that way, and it doesn’t HAVE to be that way.  As with any system established and run by “humans,” the justice system, including those who run it, is exposed to the entire gamut of human frailties – pride, ego, ambition, greed, envy, passion, deceit, prejudice, hate, intolerance, power, influence, and on and on.  The situation hasn’t really changed since ancient Greece, and I don’t see the nature of humanity changing radically any time in the next  few thousand years, but there are things that can be done to at least mitigate the effect of these human shortcomings on the justice system.  This post will be comprehensive and quite long – so, buckle up, and here we go.  I hope that those of  you who have the patience to read through to the end may find it interesting, enlightening, and hopefully thought provoking.

As you might guess from the title, this post will be “editorial” in nature.  I’ve been doing innocence work for five years now, and have worked with seven different Innocence Projects from across the US and one foreign country.  Over that time, I’ve been exposed to the fine details of over 40 different cases.  These are all post-conviction cases in which there is a belief by the associated Innocence Project in the actual innocence of the defendant, and thus belief of a “wrongful conviction” on the part of the justice system.  In addition, my research in these cases has exposed me to many other additional cases in which a wrongful conviction occurred.  Consequently, I’ve seen a lot of the things that can go wrong in the justice system, and have been able to make judgments about how they happen.  This post will coalesce my observations into statements about why I think the US justice system is broken.  I’m going to be painting a pretty dark picture, so keep in mind that my exposure has been to cases in which the justice system failed, but there are lots of them.  There really isn’t any substantiated data for how many wrongful convictions occur in the US every year, but recent data says it’s between 5,000 and 10,000 per year.  One is too many.  At the end of the post, we’ll talk about why it’s not getting fixed.

I’m not an attorney, and some may accuse me of being a naive, optimistic idealist (which I am) or of tracking muddy footprints through the hallowed halls of justice; but I am only reporting what I have observed.  And if you think I’m making some of this stuff up, I strongly recommend you read the book False Justice: Eight Myths That Convict the Innocent by Jim and Nancy Petro.  (It’s available from amazon.com for $16.)  Jim is a former Attorney General for the state of Ohio, and Nancy, in addition to being an author and advocate, is also a contributing editor to this blog.  Now, are there good and dedicated prosecutors and police out there who are absolutely committed to seeing that true justice is served?  Of course.  Are there qualified and capable attorneys who will do their utmost on behalf of their clients?  Of course.  Unfortunately, there are also “others.”

All that being said  ……..

Why I Think the US Justice System is Broken

(As a preview, we’ll touch upon Bad Lawyers, Prosecutors, Judges, Police, Juries, Junk Science Forensics, False Confessions, Shoddy Work by Medical Examiners, Testimony from Experts Who Aren’t Really Experts, Finality of Judgement, Highly Restrictive Rules for New Evidence, Eyewitness Identification, and Recantations.)

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New Scholarship Spotlight: Failed Evidence: Why Law Enforcement Resists Science

harris_david-0187_0Pittsburgh professor David Harris has posted the above-titled article, Chapter 1 of his new book, on SSRN.  Download full text here.  Abstract states:

News reports about police and science like DNA identification, and popular entertainment like the television program CSI and its many imitators, give the impression that science is now the handmaiden of law enforcement. But this picture is at best misleading. Law enforcement does rely on some scientific techniques, but far more often police and prosecution prefer to ignore or even resist science that bears directly on the basics of police investigation. Years of scientific research on eyewitness testimony, police interrogation, and basic forensic techniques (other than DNA and chemical analysis) tells us how these foundational aspects of investigation go wrong. This science also explains how we can improve these aspects of how evidence is gathered and used. This work has been published, peer reviewed, and duplicated – sometimes for decades. But despite the fact that 300 cases of wrongful convictions have now been exposed using DNA, law enforcement continues to resist changes to these basic techniques that police use every day.

The focus of Failed Evidence is why law enforcement resists, and what can be done to overcome it. The resistance to better, more accurate investigative techniques has its roots in two aspects of human thinking: cognitive barriers (e.g., cognitive dissonance, group polarization, and loss aversion), and institutional and political barriers (e.g., the imperatives of arrest and conviction, the ingrained “us versus them” heart of police culture). These problems keep most police and prosecutors from even considering positive change.

From this understanding of why the resistance to science occurs, Failed Evidence distills six recommendations for making change happen, and gives concrete examples of progress from around the nation.